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THE HISTORY OF PERUVIAN POLICE
from http://www.pnp.gob.pe/historia.html
Translated by ELVIS ALVAREZ TORRES
The history of the police could go back to the time of the Incas, but it is in the Republican period begins to emerge as an entity with mission and functions. “The first police force” appear to be part of the Armed Forces during the period 1825 to 1839. The serene and vigilant at this stage are responsible for police functions.
The year of 1821, the Liberator Don José de San Martín, in response to citizen advice from the period, for purposes of organization and needs, establishing the "civic guard" with the aim of maintaining public order. With the General Inspector Don Bernardo José Tagle and Portocarrero, Marquez of Torre Tagle, who then exercised the Supreme Government, under the title of Delegate Supreme (January 19 to 21 August 1822).
In making Don José de San Martín the First Constitution, provides for the creation of three ministries: the government and Foreign Affairs, War and Navy and the Treasury.
With regard to the Navy Force and Police, articulated thus: "They are the Armed Forces of land, the Army line, the Civic Militia and Police Guard, prioritize the Civic Militia which is responsible for maintaining public security among limits of each State "(Article 168 of the First Constitution of Peru).
During the mandate of Don Simón Bolívar Palacios, 07 January 1825 establishing “the National Guard”, based graduate of the Army Staff, organized under a system purely militar. El 09 December 1826, the Constitution is issued for life, in One of the articles specified that the police force becomes independent of the municipal government (which was the time lag of virreynal), going to the Ministry of Government through the prefecture and Countys.
On January 20, 1827 was the first regulation of Police, during the government of Marshal Don Andrés de Santa Cruz Calaumana (President of the Fifth Governing Council of the Republic of Peru).
Marshal Andrés de Santa Cruz police action available throughout the territory through the Serene.
In 1851 assumed the presidency, General Jose Rufino Echenique Benavente. Thus, the April 14, 1852, reorganizing the police forces in one body to be known as Police Gendarmerie. A letter in article 1 of Supreme Decree reference says: "All the police forces of peace and security guards, will meet in a single, named Gendarmerie, be used solely to maintain public safety”.
Also in the 2nd article this device expressing the legal independence of the police forces of the Ministry of Government and Police.
07 August 1861, the old organization is dissolved and formed two battalions in replacement to be known as the battalions Gendarmeres Number One and Two.
The battalion Gendarmeres Number One, take the seat as Cuartel Santa Ana, in the former Sacramento street, near the Plaza Italia, Barrios Altos -Lima, now converted into a school. Is this the battalion that led “the Republican Guard” (07 August 1919).
Don Manuel Pardo and Lavalle assumes the presidency on 02 August 1872, one of its first actions Rearrange Police Force. Subdivided into three main areas:
1. Organization Neighborhood.
2. Special Police Services.
3. Regular Police Force. in turn is divided into the “Civil Guard” and Gendarmerie. (A work horse with Rural Police).
That is how the birth of the epic Civil Guard on issue, the Supreme Law of its inception, endorsed on December 31, 1873, document that was published in the Oficial journal "El Peruano" dated January 28, 1874 and March 23 thereafter year. During the mandate of President Augusto B. Don Leguía Salcedo, is issued by the Supreme Resolution which is called regiment "GR," the Battalion Gendarmeres Number One.
During this government is engaged a Spanish mission, with the aim of promoting the former police force, so that 03 July 1922, establishing the School National Police. for the purpose of "The organization of a Civil Guards, equal Spain, Based on the Gendarmeres thereafter. Another Corps Security and Public Order based Civil Guard, and created a body of research and surveillance, with the advantage of the Investigations Section of the provincial police. "
The Police College was opened in early November 1922.
Initially was divided into four sections, taking the following curriculum:
Courses for Officers
Courses Section Troop
Courses for the Investigation Section
Being President of the Republic Dr. José Luis Bustamante y Rivero. 15 September 1948, the Minister for Police and Government Doctor Julius Caesar villegas Hill, in recognition of the efforts in the difficult field of research and monitoring, issuing a resolution, giving functional autonomy and independence to the police with specific missions and its name modify “Corps Research and Monitoring” to “Directorate of Research, Monitoring and Identification” (CIVI).
In 1949, being President of the Republic, General Don Manuel Apolinario Odría Amoretti, amounts to the CIVI category “General management”.
For resolution of 09 November 1955, is the power of personal income research female. Thus, 02 May 1956, forty young women entered as "Aspiring Keepers Corps Research”.
Since then, the Peruvian nation is configured with three police mission and functions: “The Civil Guard of Peru”, “the Research Police of Peru” and “the Republican Guard of Peru”.
As an entity was created to support “the Health Police”, by Supreme Resolution of 04 December 1924.Un significant change occurred in 1985 when the government ordered the Supreme reorganization police force by bases Law No. 371, the which among other things, established a single command and a single Center for the preparation of police officers, and a preparatory school for guards.
Creation of the PNP. 1988
On July 28, 1985, assumes the country's Constitutional government, Dr. Alan Gabriel Ludwig García Pérez, with the first steps of that meant in a future not too distant future, the integration of police forces in a single institution. Promulgating the new Political Constitution of Peru, in which, for the first time in the history of Peru, recognized the objective of the Peruvian police that is required is to maintain internal order.
At the root of political integration police, in this presidential term, and Law No. 24949, a 06 December 1988 establishing an amending of the Constitution, creating the “National Police of Peru”, this new entity to assume the police organization and primitive functions of the institutions, GC, GR and PIP, with all its rights and obligations, taking as starting a new phase in the history Peruvian police, the problems involved in socio - economic, increasingly complicated, exacerbated by the phenomenon of narcoterrorism and its bloody aftermath and chilling., adopting the slogan: "God, Fatherland and Law." The decades of the 80 and 90 stages have been tough tests for the professionalism that police had to successfully face serious internal disturbances, caused by drug trafficking, terrorism and organized crime. Son the historic achievements have contributed to the defeat of terrorist organizations: “Movimiento Revolucionario Tupac Amaru” (MRTA) and “Sendero Luminoso”, and the dismantling of international drug traffickers, who shares deserved recognition of the national community and international. The new millennium finds the National Police of Peru engaged in a vigorous process of change to align its organization to the demands of a postmodern society, towards its social and economic progress.
Chronology
1825 is set up the National Guard and that same year, the Guard Police, as part of the Armed Forces.
1834 During the administration of President Orbegoso reemerged the body calm.
1839 reorganization of the body calm and vigilant.
1845 President Ramón Castilla reorganizes the National Guard.
1855 Decree is issued in Gendarmería consolidate all the police forces of the Republic.
1873 The regular police force is divided into the Civil Guard and Gendarmerie.
1880 President Piérola fixed by decree of distribution stations and police forces.
1919 During the government of President Leguía establishing the “Republican Guard”.
1922 The Spanish Civil Guard was hired to reorganize the Police of Peru.
1922 is hereby established the School of Police and Civil Guard of the Republic with the slogan "Honor is his motto."
1922 Launching the Corps Research and Surveillance, years later would take on the motto: "Honor and Loyalty."
1924 The Health Service is developing hand in hand with the Police, which in 1924 became part of the security created later the “Directorate of Health Affairs and Police”.
1932 The Republican Guard gets its Flag War and adopted the motto "Honor, Loyalty and Discipline"
1956 Section is hereby established the Women's School Vigilant.
1957 The Research Police takes autonomy and created the National School of Research Police.
1985 were reorganized FF.PP. integrated by the Civil Guard, the research Police and the Republican Guard; namelly a single command and creating a single center.
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